Abstract: The yield and its components and yield increasing potential were compared and analyzed between the variety regional trial and the high-yielding demonstration of 15 t/hm2 with four hybrid rice used in large areas in China. The results showed that, compared with rice regional trial, the yield increase of demonstration of 15 t/hm2 mainly resulted from the increase of grain number per panicle and effective panicles per unit area, while the 1 000-grain weight was relatively stable. The factor analysis of yield increase between demonstration of 15 t/hm2 and variety regional trial indicated that the increase of panicle number contributed 30% of yield increase, and the increase of grain weight per panicle contributed 70% of yield increase on average. The increase of grain weight per panicle is the main pathway to realize the high yield of 15 t/hm2. Variety with big panicle has higher yield potential. Grains per m2 of 58,000~72,000 and grain weight per panicle of 4.1~7.0 g are required for 15 t/hm2 of indica hybrid rice. Grains per m2 of 78,000~80,000 and grain weight per panicle of 6.0~7.8 g are required for 15 t/hm2 of indica-japonica hybrid rice. For 15 t/hm2, spikelet fertility and grain filling percent were higher on the basis of sufficient grain storage capacity.

Key words: hybrid rice, yield potential, high yield, yield-increasing factor

摘要： 选择我国大面积种植的4个水稻品种，比较分析了区试产量与亩产千公斤产量（吨粮田）的产量结构及品种增产潜力。结果表明，与水稻品种区试产量相比，吨粮田水稻产量提高主要是实粒数和有效穗数的提高，而千粒重相对稳定。水稻品种吨粮田与区试比较的增产因子分析表明，4个品种平均增穗增产贡献30%，增穗粒重增产贡献70%。增穗粒重是实现亩产吨粮的主要途径，穗型较大的品种更具有超高产的潜力。籼型杂交稻亩产吨粮需要每m2颖花数在58 000~72 000个之间，单穗粒质量在4.1~7.0 g之间；籼粳杂交稻亩产吨粮需要每m2颖花数在78 000 ~ 80 000个之间，单穗粒质量在6.0~7.8 g之间。水稻亩产吨粮田在充足的库容量的基础上，颖花结实率及籽粒充实度均较高。

关键词: 杂交稻, 产量潜力, 高产, 增产因子